International Journal of Social Research

International Law Enforcement Against Transnational Narcotics Smuggling In Indonesian Sea Lanes

Az Zahra Nashira Ryan — 2024-12-24

Indonesia, as the world’s largest archipelagic country, occupies a strategic position in the Asia-Pacific region, which makes its sea lanes vulnerable to transnational narcotics smuggling. Narcotics trafficking through Indonesian waters not only disrupts national security but also has far-reaching consequences for international security, global politics, and human rights. Despite existing international legal frameworks such as the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) and the 1961 Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, Indonesia faces significant enforcement challenges. These include vast maritime borders, limited resources for surveillance, and the involvement of sophisticated international criminal syndicates. This research aims to analyze international law enforcement efforts in combating narcotics smuggling in Indonesian sea lanes, focusing on both legal frameworks and the practical challenges faced in enforcement. The study uses a normative legal research method, examining secondary data from legal documents, books, and journals. The results indicate that while international cooperation frameworks have been established, the effectiveness of narcotics law enforcement remains hindered by logistical and technological gaps. The study concludes that improving international collaboration, enhancing surveillance technology, and strengthening community-based preventive measures are essential for combating narcotics trafficking in Indonesian waters effectively.

Legal Protection of Human Rights in the Conflict between Israel and Palestine

Giovania Madeira Do Carmo — 2024-12-24

This study analyzes the construction of news coverage of the Palestinian-Israeli conflict by NU Online using a framing analysis approach. Focusing on thematic and rhetorical aspects, this study highlights how NU Online influences readers' perceptions through the use of lexicon, details, and coherence in the news text. This research uses a qualitative approach with a constructionism paradigm. Data were obtained through framing analysis of the Zhongdang Pan and Gerald M. Kosicki model, focusing on four framing dimensions: syntax, script, thematic, and rhetorical. The results show that NU Online tends to emphasize the political and colonial aspects of the conflict. This analysis provides insight into how the media shapes complex conflict narratives. It also discusses the dynamics of the conflict between Palestine and Israel and the consensus efforts made through a case study of the 1993 Oslo Peace Agreement. The research highlights the prospects for resolving the conflict, the implications of the peace agreement on the Palestinian people, and the difficulties in implementing the agreement. With a focus on ideological conflicts and territorial rights, this research provides deep insights into the complexity of the Palestinian-Israeli conflict. Legal protection for child victims of war in the perspective of International Humanitarian Law, focusing on the case of Palestinian child prisoners tortured by Israeli soldiers. The article highlights human rights violations, legal protections required for child victims, and sanctions that can be imposed on Israel for violations of International Humanitarian Law.

Effectiveness of Kinesio Tape Administration on Ankle Sprain : Literature Review

Jepri Ardiansyah — 2024-12-24

Ankle sprains are among the most common sports injuries, often resulting in pain, swelling, and functional limitations that can persist if not treated properly. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of Kinesio Taping (KT) in reducing pain and improving functional activity in patients with ankle sprains. A literature review method was employed, analyzing five selected studies published between 2013 and 2023, using databases such as PubMed and Google Scholar. The PICO framework guided the research, with inclusion criteria involving patients aged 10 to 30 years and exclusion criteria including systematic reviews and outdated articles. The results indicate that Kinesio Taping, applied at 25%-50% intensity for 20-30 minutes, three times a week over 4 weeks, significantly reduces pain and improves functional balance, as evidenced by tools like the Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool (CAIT) and Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT). Compared to control interventions, KT consistently showed significant improvements (p<0.05) in pain reduction and joint stability. The findings confirm that Kinesio Taping is a non-invasive, cost-effective therapy that supports joint stability, improves lymphatic drainage, and accelerates recovery, making it a practical and evidence-based intervention for clinicians and athletes to promote faster recovery and reduce recurrence risk.

Massage Effectiveness In Reduce Labor Pain and Anxiety: Literature Review

Kadek Suci Lestari Putri — 2024-12-24

This research was conducted to determine the effectiveness of massage in reducing labor pain and anxiety during childbirth. Massage therapy aims to decrease anxiety by lowering cortisol levels, while also alleviating pain in the legs, back, muscles, and joints. A literature review method was employed, using the PICO framework to search relevant studies from databases such as Google Scholar and PubMed. A total of 89 journals were reviewed based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, focusing on pregnant women experiencing labor pain and anxiety. The results showed that massage, administered 2 to 3 times a week with a duration of 40 minutes per session, significantly reduced pain and anxiety levels (P < 0.001). Various massage techniques, including Swedish massage, antenatal massage, and intrapartum massage, demonstrated effectiveness in reducing pain intensity and enhancing emotional well-being. The findings highlight that massage therapy, as a non-pharmacological intervention, can serve as a safe, cost-effective, and beneficial alternative for pain and anxiety management during labor. This study provides valuable insights for healthcare professionals in optimizing maternal care and improving childbirth experiences.

Effectiveness of Swedish Massage on Reducing Blood Pressure In The Elderly: Literature Review

Khalil Gibran Mahkotarama — 2024-12-24

Hypertension is a condition where systolic blood pressure increases > 140 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure > 90 mmHg. Swedish massage therapy is a complementary therapy that is believed to be able to provide a relaxation response. This study aims to determine whether there is an effect of Swedish Massage therapy on the blood pressure of the elderly. Literature review research was carried out using PICO searches in several databases such as Google Scholar, Gaster, Hindawi, Macro, and Pubmed. It was found that 5 journals met the criteria and showed the results that Swedish Massage was carried out 5 times a week for 5 weeks, with a duration of 1 hour and a p-value of P < 0/005 showing a significant effect. The effects of Swedish Massage have an influence on smooth blood circulation, stimulate parasympathetic activity and increase the release of endorphins so that this process is useful in stabilizing blood pressure. Swedish Massage Therapy can be recommended as a treatment for improving blood pressure in people with hypertension.